A Comparison Of Piloting Technique During Simulated And In-Flight Autorotation Manoeuvres

Abstract

This paper compares how pilots perform autorotation manoeuvres during both simulated and real flight tests. Data were collected using the HELIFLIGHT-R simulator with a UH-60-type model, and from flight tests in Bell OH-58 and Bell 206 helicopters. The analysis focused on the flare phase of the manoeuvre, examining how pilots use cyclic and collective controls to manage descent rate, forward speed, and rotor RPM near touchdown. While most pilots followed standard guidance, the study found differences in how the flare was executed. Successful landings were achieved using a range of control techniques, if the pilot timed the flare correctly and coordinated the controls effectively. Less successful landing cases were linked to overly aggressive use of cyclic to reduce forward speed and/or delayed collective use, which made it harder to control the forward speed descent rate. Even minor deviations in timing or control rate can result in unsafe touchdown conditions. The findings highlight the importance of timely and well-matched control inputs during the flare and offer insights for improving training and flight simulation.